Chapter 7 vs Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Find Out Which Bankruptcy Option is Right for Your Situation

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Chapter 7 vs Chapter 13: Complete Comparison

Choosing between Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy hinges on your financial goals and situation. If we aim to quickly eliminate unsecured debts and you meet the income requirements, Chapter 7 can offer a fresh start within 3-6 months.

See the key differences at a glance

Feature
Chapter 7
Chapter 13
Timeline
3-6 months
3-5 years
Keep Your Home
If current on payments
Can catch up arrears
Keep Your Car
With exemptions/reaffirmation
Yes, reduce payments
Income Requirements
Below Texas median
Regular income required
Filing Fee
$338
$313
Attorney Fees (Texas)
$975 - $1,500
$1,500 - $2,000
Debt Discharge
Complete discharge
After payment plan
Credit Report
10 years
7 years
Stop Foreclosure
Temporarily
Long-term solution
Stop Garnishment
Immediately
Immediately
Tax Debt
Some dischargeable
Payment plan available

Which Bankruptcy is Right for You?

Choosing the right bankruptcy depends on your debt type, income, and assets. Chapter 7 is ideal for discharging unsecured debts if your income is below the median for your household size, while Chapter 13 helps if you're aiming to keep assets like a home or car and can commit to a 3-5 year repayment plan.

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Timeline Comparison

Chapter 7 bankruptcy typically resolves within 3-6 months, offering a quick path to debt relief, with most unsecured debts discharged after about 90-120 days. In contrast, Chapter 13 bankruptcy spans 3-5 years, requiring adherence to a repayment plan based on your income, but it can stop a foreclosure and allow you to keep most of your property.

See how each bankruptcy type progresses

Chapter 7 Timeline

Day 1

File petition, automatic stay begins

30-45 Days

341 Meeting of Creditors

60 Days

Creditor objection deadline

90-120 Days

Discharge granted, case closed

Total: 3-6 Months

Fresh start achieved!

Chapter 13 Timeline

Day 1

File petition & proposed plan

30 Days

Begin plan payments

30-45 Days

341 Meeting of Creditors

90-120 Days

Plan confirmation hearing

3-5 Years

Complete payment plan

Final

Discharge & fresh start!

Quick Decision Guide

If your income falls below the Texas median of approximately $59,570 for individuals, and you're overwhelmed by unsecured debt without significant assets, Chapter 7 bankruptcy can offer a swift discharge, typically within 4-6 months. Conversely, Chapter 13 suits those above the median income needing to safeguard assets and manage mortgage arrears, allowing a structured repayment plan over 3-5 years.

Choose the situation that best describes you

Chapter 7 May Be Right If:

  • Income below Texas median
  • Mostly unsecured debt
  • No assets to protect
  • Want quick discharge
  • Not behind on mortgage

Chapter 13 May Be Right If:

  • Behind on mortgage/car
  • Income above median
  • Want to keep all assets
  • Have tax debt to repay
  • Need to stop foreclosure

Need Expert Analysis If:

  • Complex financial situation
  • Business debts involved
  • Multiple properties
  • High value assets
  • Prior bankruptcy filing

Common Myths Debunked

Contrary to popular belief, filing for Chapter 7 doesn't mean you'll lose everything. In Texas, exemptions allow you to keep essential assets, including your home, car, and personal items, with 93% of filers retaining all their possessions. While many assume Chapter 13 is preferable for homeowners, it's not always the case, especially if you're current on your mortgage and face limited debt elsewhere.

Don't let misinformation guide your decision

Myth: "You lose everything in Chapter 7"

Many people believe Chapter 7 means losing all your possessions.

Truth: 93% of Chapter 7 filers keep ALL their assets. Texas has generous exemptions protecting your home, car, retirement accounts, and personal property.

Myth: "Chapter 13 is always better for homeowners"

People assume if you own a home, Chapter 13 is automatically the best choice.

Truth: If you're current on mortgage payments and have limited equity, Chapter 7 might be faster and more effective. Chapter 13 is better when you're behind on payments.

Myth: "Everyone qualifies for Chapter 7"

Some think Chapter 7 is available to anyone who wants it.

Truth: You must pass the means test. If your income exceeds Texas median for your household size, you may need to file Chapter 13 instead.

Myth: "Bankruptcy ruins your credit forever"

Many fear they'll never recover financially after bankruptcy.

Truth: Most clients see credit scores improve within 12 months. You can qualify for FHA mortgages in 2-3 years and rebuild credit immediately after discharge.

Frequently Asked Questions

Get answers to common Chapter 7 vs 13 questions

What's the main difference between Chapter 7 and Chapter 13? +

Chapter 7 is a "liquidation" bankruptcy that discharges most debts in 3-6 months, but requires passing a means test based on income. Chapter 13 is a "reorganization" bankruptcy where you repay debts through a 3-5 year payment plan, allowing you to keep all assets and catch up on secured debts like mortgages.

How do I know if I qualify for Chapter 7 in Texas? +

You qualify for Chapter 7 if your household income is below the Texas median ($65,597 for 1 person, $84,771 for 2 people, $97,190 for 3 people, $117,717 for 4 people in 2024). If above median, you can still qualify by passing the means test, which considers your expenses and disposable income.

Can I keep my house and car in bankruptcy? +

Chapter 7: You can keep them if you're current on payments and they're protected by Texas exemptions. Chapter 13: You can keep them even if behind on payments by catching up through your repayment plan. Chapter 13 also allows "cramdown" to reduce car loans to the vehicle's actual value.

Which bankruptcy is faster? +

Chapter 7 is much faster, typically completed in 3-6 months. Chapter 13 requires a 3-5 year payment plan before discharge. However, both provide immediate relief through the automatic stay, which stops collections, garnishments, and foreclosures the moment you file.

What debts can't be discharged in bankruptcy? +

Both chapters generally cannot discharge: student loans (unless extreme hardship), recent tax debt, child support, alimony, criminal fines, and debts from fraud. However, Chapter 13 can provide structured payment plans for these non-dischargeable debts.

How much does it cost to file Chapter 7 vs Chapter 13? +

Chapter 7: $338 court filing fee + $975-$1,500 attorney fees in Texas. Chapter 13: $313 court filing fee + $1,500-$2,000 attorney fees. Chapter 13 attorney fees can often be paid through your payment plan, while Chapter 7 fees are typically paid upfront.

Still Not Sure Which Chapter is Right?

Choosing the right bankruptcy chapter hinges on your specific financial situation, including your income and debts. For a single filer in Texas, the median income limit for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2024 is $65,597. We can help analyze your finances to determine the best path forward during a free consultation.

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